To see research summaries, citations, and links to full reports, click on the report titles below.

• Closing the Gap: Addressing the Vocabulary Needs of English-Language Learners in Bilingual and Mainstream Classrooms
• Educating Language Learners: Getting at the Content
• Helping English Language Learners Understand Content-Area Texts
• Teaching English Language Learners: What the Research Does — and Does Not — Say
• What Teachers Should Know About Instruction for ELLs