To see research summaries, citations, and links to full reports, click on the report titles below.

• Bilingual Effects on Cognitive and Linguistic Development: Role of Language, Cultural Background, and Education
• How Long Does It Take English Language Learners to Attain Proficiency?
• Linguistic Life Expectancies: Immigrant Language Retention in Southern California
• No Childhood Advantage in the Acquisition of Skill in Using an Artificial Language Rule
• Second-Language Acquisition and Bilingualism at an Early Age and the Impact on Early Cognitive Development